The article provides a pharmacist's insight into the options of external treatment of skin infections using extemporaneous preparations. Selected formulations from the groups of antiseptic, antibiotic, and antifungal drugs are presented that have emerged in the recent years or that are only being introduced into the practice. Therefore, emphasis is placed on the correct concentration of active substances and their compatibility with other compounds and vehicles for the preparation to be stable and have the desired efficacy.

This paper focuses on superficial wounds and ulcerations of male genitalia, which often arise as a result of decompesation of the patien'ts health state in the conditions of intensive care. It presents possible care and treatment using moist wound healing method with selected therapeutic dressings. The artical can not include all available dressings. The author is aware of the fact, that local treatment can also be carried out using magistraliter preparation by a specialist in the field of a dermatology. The aim of the paper is to present care and treatment procedures that can be carried out in common conditions in hospital, outpatient as well as at home care depending on the type of damage and the stage of healing process.

The foam base Espumil extends the possibilities of extemporaneous preparation in the pharmacies. The article presents the utilisation of Espumil as a base for drugs commonly used in dermatology, such as dexamethasone, ichthyol, miconazole, chlorhexidine and minoxidil. These foam products are suitable for the administration onto the hair and hairy skin.

Hydroquinone and tretinoin are newly available substances for extemporaneous preparation. Thanks to them is possible to prepare creams for treating skin hyperpigmenation. Formulas containing tretinoin can replace unavailable medicinal products, choose a different concentration of the drug or to prepare other dosage forms, which are not available in registered medicinal products.

Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis which is highly contagious, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Strep. pyogenes. The prevalence is highest among the little children attending daycare centers, the peak incidence is during summer and fall. Treatment of non-complicated infections involves topical antibiotics, in cases of systemic signs of infection, systemic oral antibiotic treatment is used. Impetigo is often self-limiting and resolves without scarring, the most common complication, especially during summer, is hyperpigmentation of the skin.

The spectrum of solutions of intended for the treatment and healing of wounds is constantly expanding and curently includes around two dozen names containing various therapeutic substances. In clinical practice, health professiolnals lose track of the indications of individual liquid solutions and the differences between them. The contribution focuses on the division of individual solutions into groups with their characteristics regarding the content of the active substance, action on pathogens, contraindications, exposure time, pH and other properties, including the method of application.

Burn trauma can be treated both on an outpatient basis and during hospitalization. Severity factors such as depth, extent and location of the burn, mechanism of injury, comorbidity, age of patients, combined injuries determine the method of treatment and the type of medical facility competent to provide the correct therapy. Adequately provided first aid, both medical and non-medical, affects the prognosis of burns. Subsequent local care and early recognition of possible complications eliminates permanent consequences in the form of scars. The following text deals with the above-mentioned topics with the aim of bringing the comprehensive care of a burn patients closer to ambulatory doctors.

Psychodermatology is an interdisciplinary approach dealing with the mutual interactions between the nervous, endocrine, immune and skin systems on the one hand and behavioral outcomes on the other. Skin diseases are visible to the patient and his/her surroundings and are usually chronic with episodic character of exacerbations and remissions. They affect self-schema, arouse feelings of guilt, and are associated with myths surrounding lack of hygiene and contagiousness. Knowledge of the basics of developmental neurology and psychology is needed to assess the impact of the disease on the child's psyche. In young children, the relationship with the primary caregiver - the mother - is crucial. The most common dermatoses with a significant psychosocial impact in children include atopic dermatitis. Skin diseases with primary psychopathology include arteficial dermatoses or manifestations of obsessive-compulsive behaviour.

Congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots) are congenital birthmarks that most commonly occur in the lumbosacral region. They are grey-blue to blue-green in colour and oval or irregular in shape. They are most commonly found in individuals of Asian or African ethnicity. These lesions resolve within one to two years of age. Although traditionally believed to be harmless in nature, they have been shown to occur in some lysosomal storage diseases. We present a Vietnamese neonate with congenital dermal melanocytosis, which we observed at diagnosis of a cystic mass of the left arm.

Hyperpigmentation of the skin manifests itself clinically as circumscribed or diffuse darkening of the skin, which is most often caused by a disorder in the production and distribution of melanin. They are more common in people with a dark phototype due to more intense melanin synthesis. In the prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation, it is important to treat the underlying disease that causes them. At the same time, we symptomatically remove hyperpigmentation with local lightening preparations, chemical peels, cryotherapy, microneedling, plasmatherapy, light or laser therapy. In practice, we often have to choose a combination of individual methods accompanied by consistent photoprotection. A thorough dermatological history, skin examination and possibly skin biopsies from the manifestation can help to eliminate malignancy. For diffuse hyperpigmentation, autoimmune, metabolic or infectious etiology should be considered. Hyperpigmentation therapy is often lengthy and difficult, so it is very important to motivate the patient properly, which will increase mutual trust and support the patient's willingness to cooperate and follow our recommendations.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory non-infectious skin disease with a multifactorial etiology. It can occur along with other immune-mediated diseases, including non-specific intestinal inflammation. Our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms has deepened substantially in recent decades and is developing together with new therapies targeting pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been described in association with the disease. Psoriasis and IBD not only have significant overlap, but there are also differences that affect therapy.

Basiscreme DAC is a completely new vehicle intended for drug compounding in pharmacies. Its advantage is compatibility with a wide range of medicinal substances; it is particularly suitable for incorporating local corticosteroids or anti-infective agents. Its ambiphilic nature and the preservative used distinguish it from other commonly used hydrocream bases.

Ulcerations of the lower limbs of venous origin are caused by the initiation of a complex cascade of changes in macro- and microcirculation. Life-threatening or increased amputation of the lower limbs are very rare in venous ulcerations. The problem here is a clear deterioration of the quality of life due to chronicity, pain and demands for long-term treatment. The chronic nature of the disease results from local, general and especially physical and psychosocial problems. In the article, the authors deal with selected aspects of the quality of life in patients suffering from ulcus cruris disease.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory, primary cicatricial alopecia where hair loss is clinically evident and unfortunately remains irreversible. The goal of treatment is to stop the scarring process, reduce symptoms, and prevent further outbreaks of inflammation. Sometimes we can also choose to add treatments that stimulate the growth of hair not affected by this entity, to help alopecic areas to be less visible. In this case report I describe a patient in whom we achieved not only remission of LPP but also clinically visible improvement.

Excessive sweating of the feet is one of the common health complications of both children and adults. It most often affects younger people, but it can occur at any age. Increased sweating commonly occurs after physical or mental exertion. However, if it occurs frequently and without these stimuli, it is necessary to be wary. Excessive sweating of the feet can be triggered by various diseases, medication, hormonal changes and psychological problems, but it is also often triggered by inappropriate footwear or socks and tights made of artificial, unbreathable materials. A major influence on foot sweating can be observed in people with an improper lifestyle, during excessive physical activities and especially in case of insufficient hygiene habits of the person. Smoking, alcohol or drug use significantly affects excessive sweating and contributes to the deterioration of overall health. There are many procedures on how to deal with this problem, or at least try to do so. The most common conservative methods include the use of topical antiperspirants, foot baths or drinking anti-sweat teas. In a pedicure or podology practice, it is beneficial to regularly treat clients' feet and, after giving appropriate instructions, recommend the necessary products for home foot care. It is absolutely necessary to eliminate all negative influences that cause sweating or contribute to it to any extent. Shoes should be inspected and those unsuitable then removed from use.

Zinc is an essential microelement with pluripotent biological effects. Due to the fact that our body does not have a special depot that keeps zinc in sufficient quantities, it is subject to a large metabolic turnover, and therefore an adequate daily intake of it is necessary to develop and maintain all its biological effects. Zinc has an important place in dermatology, which results from the clinical practice of dermatologists and available professional information. Positive experiences with the administration of zinc in oral and topical form occur both in the case of dermatological infections and in inflammatory dermatoses such as acne vulgaris, also in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and in hair and mucous membrane disorders such as alopecia.

Phototherapy means the action of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the skin in order to achieve certain therapeutic effects. The work describes the physical properties and individual parts of the spectrum suitable for phototherapy. Photobiological properties of the skin, phototherapeutic sources and methods and their combinations, indications for phototherapy and possible side effects are clearly arranged in tables.

Diseases of the scalp are a common problem encountered by dermatologists. Due to the chronic course of these conditions, the goal is to provide treatment which is not only effective and safe in the long term, but also well tolerated by the patient. In this respect, a well-chosen combination of local therapy and scalp care may be the key to success. It is the patient's tolerance to treatment and its cosmetic acceptability that are among the main pitfalls that often hinder successful treatment. The article presents an overview of selected diseases of the scalp and their treatment, taking into account efficacy in terms of daily care.

Ingrown and curved toenails are among common lower limb problems in both children and adults. They may lead to painful complications and, not uncommonly, to permanent changes in the nail bed and lateral nail folds. The big toe is affected most commonly, although the problem may occur in all toes. A number of procedures have been described for correcting toenails, using either conservative or surgical approaches. Paediatricians are typically the first contact for patients suffering from toenail problems. These can be acute, resulting from a one-off improper nail trimming procedure or injury, and chronic which the parents of young patients are usually unable to deal with. In the past, the vast majority of patients were referred to surgical services since, in the pre-revolution era, contemporary techniques of correcting toenails were unavailable in this country. There are various conservative techniques for the treatment of ingrown toenails, including orthonyxia, which is the correction of toenails with braces. It is the goal of every foot care specialist to manage as many cases as possible with non-invasive procedures and, in particular, in a painless manner whenever it is feasible to proceed in that way.

Viral rashes are well-known group in dermatology. Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemy affecting millions of people revealed large spectrum pulmonal and extrapulmonal symptoms. Dermatologic manifestations could be divided into 6 groups: urticarial rash, confluent erythematous/maculopapular/morbilliform rash, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like acral pattern, livedo reticularis/racemosa-like pattern and purpuric "vasculitic" pattern. Paper summarizes current knowledges with respect to incidence, clinical picture a relationship of rashes to the course and severity of COVID-19 infection.

Hyperpigmentation of the skin manifests itself clinically as circumscribed or diffuse darkening of the skin, which is most often caused by a disorder in the production and distribution of melanin. They are more common in people with a dark phototype due to more intense melanin synthesis. In the prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation, it is important to treat the underlying disease that causes them. At the same time, we symptomatically remove hyperpigmentation with local lightening preparations, chemical peels, cryotherapy, microneedling, plasmatherapy, light or laser therapy. In practice, we often have to choose a combination of individual methods accompanied by consistent photoprotection. A thorough dermatological history, skin examination and possibly skin biopsies from the manifestation can help to eliminate malignancy. For diffuse hyperpigmentation, autoimmune, metabolic or infectious etiology should be considered. Hyperpigmentation therapy is often lengthy and difficult, so it is very important to motivate the patient properly, which will increase mutual trust and support the patient's willingness to cooperate and follow our recommendations.

Perioral dermatitis is a chronic facial dermatosis characterized by small papules and pustules on a red, sometimes scaled skin typically affected area of nasobuccal sulci and a of a chin, with sparing a narrow area round lips. It can be manifested also perinasal and at lateral parts of both eyes. Subjective symptoms include tingling and burning, pruritus is rare. Causative agents at children are most often overusage of tooth-pastes with fluor, various emmolients and local corticoids. For healing an elimination of causative agents and local treatments are necessary. Peroral treatment with children is used only exceptionally. Less severe forms of perioral dermatitis can be treated by a general practitioner as far as this physician has a good knowledge of this diagnosis. More severe forms have to be treated by a dermatologist.

Acne is a polymorphic inflammatory disease of a piloseboceaus unit. The treatment of acne is divided into local, systemic and a phycical ones. A suitable complementary treatment of acne is necessary. In an article, possible side effects of local and systemic treatment are described. With the local therapy there are only unpleasant but not serious ones. With the peroral therapy side effects can be serious ones. That is why it is necessary before starting each therapy to instruct properly each patient not only about an application (usage) of a medicine but also about possible side effects and about a way how to prevent them or how to minimize them. Side effects have to be explained particular carefully before starting isotretinoin therapy. It is suitable, patients had a possibility to contact their dermatologist at an origin of more serious side effects as soon as possible. Generally, it is beter to prevent or minimize side effects than to let them develop or to stop a treatment.

In this article matter of atopic dermatitis localized on hands is pursued. Typically atopic dermatitis is localized to the flexural surfaces of the body, friction points, but it can also occur on face, legs and hands as mentioned above. It includes etiopathogenesis of AD, differential diagnosis of hand eczema and treatment. The treatment is generally local using topical corticosteroids, external agents with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and emolients. We can use phototherapy and systematic treatment in some severe cases.

Review article summarizes diagnostic kriteria and therapeutical and supportive care recommendations in management of common subepidermal autoimmune bullou diseases including biologic therapy of these clinical entities.

A case report of a 16-year-old boy with a severe form of acne and with asthma is described. Because of severe state of the patient a treatment with peroral isotretinoin was choosen. To prevent isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans an addition of peroral steroids during the first months of the treatment was necessary. Through the initial very severy condition a complete healing was reached, only small inequalities and scars remained. Asthma was compensated during the whole therapy. Subsequently, the patient applies topical adapalene to prevent acne recurrence.

Risankizumab is one of the newest biologic drugs used for the treatment of severe forms of psoriasis. It is humanized antibody aimed against p19 subunit of interleukin 23, which is the key initiating cytokin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Risankizumab has got excellent therapeutic response with longterm effect not only in clinical trials, but also in the real clinical practice. Up to date safety data are also very favorable. The case report describes excellent effect of risankizumab in the treatment of erythrodermic form of psoriasis in patient with associated sclerodermia.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated systemic disease. The therapeutic options depend on many factors. In recent years, systemic treatment of psoriasis has made significant progress. In order to optimize and individualize the treatment, the guidelines have been developed. Despite their regular updates, new scientific knowledge and up-to-date guidance should be followed.